Four standard time zones for the continental United States were introduced at noon on November 18, 1883, in Chicago, IL, when the telegraph lines transmitted time signals to all major cities. Operators of the new railroad lines needed a new time plan that would offer a uniform train schedule for departures and arrivals. Weather service chief Cleveland Abbe introduced four standard time zones for his weather stations, an idea which he offered to the railroads. Railroad managers tried to address the problem by establishing 100 railroad time zones, but this was only a partial solution to the problem. Time zones were therefore a compromise, relaxing the complex geographic dependence while still allowing local time to be approximate with mean solar time. Every city in the United States used a different time standard so there were more than 300 local sun times to choose from. Train drivers must recalculate their own clocks in order to know departure time. Time calculation became a serious problem for people traveling by train (sometimes hundreds of miles in a day), according to the Library of Congress. Each train station set its own clock making it difficult to coordinate train schedules and confusing passengers. American railroads maintained many different time zones during the late 1800s. The use of local solar time became increasingly awkward as railways and telecommunications improved. Noon occurred at different times but time differences between distant locations were barely noticeable prior to the 19th century because of long travel times and the lack of long-distance instant communications prior to the development of the telegraph. See also: Standard time in the United Statesīefore the adoption of four standard time zones for the continental United States, many towns and cities set their clocks to noon when the sun passed their local meridian, pre-corrected for the equation of time on the date of observation, to form local mean solar time. History Rand McNally Standard Map of the United States, 1921, showing boundaries different from today It is the combination of the time zone and daylight saving rules, along with the timekeeping services, which determines the legal civil time for any U.S. The clocks run by these services are kept synchronized with each other as well as with those of other international timekeeping organizations. Official and highly precise timekeeping services (clocks) are provided by two federal agencies: the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (an agency of the Department of Commerce) and the United States Naval Observatory (USNO). The time zone boundaries and DST observance are regulated by the Department of Transportation, but no single map of those existed until the agency announced intentions to make one in September 2022. It never observes daylight saving time.In the United States, time is divided into nine standard time zones covering the states, territories and other US possessions, with most of the country observing daylight saving time (DST) for approximately the spring, summer, and fall months. The UTC Time (shown directly below) is the standard time zone upon which all other worldwide time zones are based. Mozilla Firefox, still display it as GMT. Some sources still refer to it as UTC/GMT and some web browsers, e.g. The worldwide standard for coordinated universal time, formerly known as GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), is now abbreviated as UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). Important (current time) Exceptions: Parts of Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee and Texas are in two time zones. In the winter Arizona is on Mountain Standard Time (MST).Īlaska (AK) 90% of Alaska is (1 hour) behind the Pacific Time Zone, while the far reaches of the Aleutian Islands use Hawaii-Aleutian time. In summer, local time in Arizona is the same as Pacific Daylight Time (PDT). Across the United States of America, Daylight Savings Time is now in effect.ĭaylight Saving Time is not observed in Hawaii, and by most of Arizona.
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