Near the end of the 1960s, Mexicans started to smuggle drugs on a major scale. began when prohibition came to an end in 1933. Mexican bootleggers supplied alcohol to the United States' gangsters throughout Prohibition in the United States, and the onset of the illegal drug trade with the U.S. His comment was criticized, as the homicide rate remains high.įor a chronological guide, see Timeline of the Mexican drug war.ĭue to its location, Mexico has long been used as a staging and transshipment point for narcotics and contraband between Latin America and U.S. Since taking office in 2018, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador declared that the war was over. Estimates set the death toll above 120,000 killed by 2013, not including 27,000 missing. By the end of President Felipe Calderón's administration (Decem– November 30, 2012), the official death toll of the Mexican drug war was at least 60,000. Congress passed legislation in late June 2008 to provide Mexico with US$1.6 billion for the Mérida Initiative as well as technical advice to strengthen the national justice systems. Analysts estimate that wholesale earnings from illicit drug sales range from $13.6 to $49.4 billion annually. During the same period, there have been at least four elite special forces created as new, corruption-free soldiers who could do battle with Mexico's endemic bribery system. įederal law enforcement has been reorganized at least five times since 1982 in various attempts to control corruption and reduce cartel violence. Arrests of key cartel leaders, particularly in the Tijuana and Gulf cartels, have led to increasing drug violence as cartels fight for control of the trafficking routes into the United States. By 2007, Mexican drug cartels controlled 90% of the cocaine entering the United States. After his arrest, the alliance broke and high-ranking members formed their own cartels, fighting for control of territory and trafficking routes.Īlthough Mexican drug trafficking organizations have existed for several decades, their influence increased after the demise of the Colombian Cali and Medellín cartels in the 1990s. He was the leader and the co-founder of the first major Mexican drug cartel the Guadalajara Cartel, an alliance of the current existing cartels (which included the Sinaloa Cartel, the Juarez Cartel, the Tijuana Cartel, and the Sonora Cartel with Aldair Mariano as the leader). Violence escalated after the arrest of Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo in 1989. The conflict has been described as the Mexican theater of the global war on drugs, as led by the United States federal government. The Mexican government has asserted that their primary focus is dismantling the cartels and preventing drug trafficking. When the Mexican military intervened in 2006, the government's main objective was to reduce drug-related violence. The Mexican drug war (also known as the Mexican war on drugs Spanish: Guerra contra el narcotráfico en México, shortened to and commonly known inside Mexico as War against the narco Spanish: Guerra contra el narco) is an ongoing asymmetric low-intensity conflict between the Mexican government and various drug trafficking syndicates. Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) Canada through the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's Anti-Crime Capacity Building Program (ACCBP).Australia through the Australian Federal Police.Colombia through the National Police of Colombia.United States through the Mérida Initiative.This could be a key factor in the uptick of armed attacks, according to Eduardo Guerrero, director of Lantia, a Mexican consulting agency specializing in criminal organizations and security analysis.Throughout Mexico, with occasional spillover across international borders into Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and California, and also into the Central and South American countries of El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Belize, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Guatemala Quintana Roo very recently had local elections in its 11 municipalities, including for mayor and most police chiefs. Oscar Montes de Oca, the state prosecutor in Quintana Roo - where Cancún and Tulum are located - said "about 10 groups of drug dealers" are fighting each other, but the reality could be more complex. Mexican officials said the recent spike in violence is a consequence of a "turf war" among a dozen local gangs looking to control the street drug-dealing business. Tulum alone saw 65 homicides between January and September, an 80.5% increase compared to the same period last year, when just 36 homicides took place, according to statistics from Mexico's national system of public security. Mexican national guard members patrol in the center of Playa Del Carmen, November 6, 2021. Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders.
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